Effects Of Sunset Laws On Public Administration Essay

1. Compare the role played by each of the following in keeping public administration accountable to the public and to elected officials: (a) freedom of information laws, (b) sunshine laws, and (c) sunset laws. In a democratic society, it is imperative that all elected officials and public administrators be held accountable for their actions. For this reason, acts such as the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), sunshine laws, and sunset laws have been implemented into our government system. Sunshine laws are acts which require certain legislative meetings and proceedings to be held in public, therefore increasing accountability. This allows the public to see some of the activities of the government and allow it some openness. Sunset laws add another variable to this by giving these government agencies a termination date. These laws ensure that bureaucracies are being examined to a certain extent. These examinations must be thorough and precise in order to comply with sunset laws. Sunset laws have a way of holding legislative officials specifically to a higher standard. The Freedom of Information Act was enforced when our government realized the importance of the relationship between access to information and government accountability. This act enables citizens to view a plethora of different files and records from government agencies. This act proved to be â€Å"a principal instrument for breaking down bureaucratic secrecy in American public administration† (p. 62).Show MoreRelatedPa 582 Entire Course with Final Exam Public Policy Formulation and Implementation Keller939 Words   |  4 PagesPA 582 Entire Course Public Policy Formulation and Implementation Keller PLEASE DOWNLOAD HERE! http://www.studentswithsolutions.com/view-tutorial.aspx?TutorialId=2146 PA582 Entire Course A+ Public Policy Formulation and Implementation Received 1000/1000 Points This tutorial includes the following: Week 3 Assignment: Approaches to the Public Administration-6 Pages Week 6 Assignment: Policy Research: Gender Inequality - 14 Pages Week 4 Midterm Exam: Decision Making – 6 Pages – GradedRead MoreTexas bureaucracy Essay816 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿The state bureaucracy administers/implements the laws of Texas. It is run by executives whose job is to see that the laws of the state are implemented according to the will and intent of the Legislature. Ideally, these executive branch officials or bureaucrats are to administer their duties and implement the laws in a neutral manner, uninfluenced by politics. In reality, state bureaucrats are important players in not just implementation, but also policy making. In Texas, there is no overall centralRead MoreThe Usa Patriot Act : An Act Of Political Upheaval3146 Words   |  13 Pagesnamely in sections 215 and 505 (both of which will be further described in the criticism section of this paper). The USA PATRIOT Act has undergone many revisions both expansive and restrictive throughout its existence, most recently with the PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011 that continued the four major areas pertaining to it. The USA PATRIOT Act stands as a model in the center of the growing debate on how to combat modern criminal activity balancing against a society’s freedoms and rights. UnderstandingRead MoreEssay on 2001 USA Patriot Act is Unconstitutional and Ineffective2111 Words   |  9 Pagesthat not only is the USA Patriot Act unconstitutional but many of its provisions do nothing at all to protect Americans from the dangers of terrorism. While this act made legislative changes that increased surveillance and the investigative powers of law enforcement agencies to protect America from further terrorist acts, the passing of the USA Patriot Act has reduced the privacy rights of Americans and also does not provide for a system of checks and balances that safeguard civil liberties. TerrorismRead MoreObamacare And Affordable Care Act2264 Words   |  10 Pages The Affordable Care Act otherwise known as Obamacare or the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was signed into law in March 2010 and it has not been without its share of problems, debates and controversies. One of the main points of the debates and controversies with the PPACA has been the legality of the individual mandate. The individual mandate â€Å"requires that most Americans obtain and maintain health insurance, or an exemption, each month or pay a tax penalty† . The wholeRead MoreMence of Dengue2002 Words   |  9 Pagesdepending on the year, up to hundreds of thousands of cases of DHF. The case-fatality rate of DHF in most countries is about 5%; most fatal cases are among children and young adults. The reasons for this dramatic global emergence of dengue/DHF as a major public health problem are complex and not well understood. However, several important factors can be identified. First, effective mosquito control is virtually nonexistent in most dengue-endemic countries. Considerable emphasis for the past 20 years hasRead MoreReturn to Federalism Research Paper3772 Words   |  16 Pagesmore than half of our United States are parties to lawsuits against the new health care act (Obama Care), EPA regulation, or the Department of Labor; Thirty three states, in response to a federal administration that refuses to enforce current laws, have passed or are working on their own immigration laws. Perhaps the most significant example of a return to Federalism is the introduction of the Repeal Amendment, which is gaining support from state legislators across the country. Read MoreThe British And The American Colonies3148 Words   |  13 Pages1766. On the same day, Parliament also passed the Declaratory Act, which affirmed the right of Parliament to pass laws over the colonies, â€Å"in all cases whatsoever.† News of the repeal of the Stamp Act gave the colonists hope and confidence the British understood and respected their position regarding taxes. Few recognized or appreciated that Parliament clearly claimed the right to pass laws â€Å"in all cases whatsoever† with the Declaratory Act. For some in the British government, they would simply findRead MoreCapital Gains Tax in Nigeria5234 Words   |  21 PagesTax and taxation has been variously defined by different authors. Oyegbile (1996) defines tax as a sum of money paid by citizens of a country, state or community to the government for public purpose. According to him taxation is one of the sources of income for government; such income is used to finance or run public utilities and perform other social responsibilities. This implies that anybody that generates income must compulsorily pay taxes. Sanni (2007) define tax in the following ways: *Read MoreThe War On Terrorism And Its Impact On The 21st Century2782 Words   |  12 Pagesso-called war on terrorism is simply a political ruse; a political tactic used by western democracies to justify their engagement in ulterior motives abroad. When the Bush administration declared a universal â€Å"war on terrorism† after the events of 9/11 occurred, the entire approach of the western world towards the subject altered. Harsher laws, stricter security regulations and calculated conventional warfare tactics became priority. To engage in the discussion of whether the war on terror is in fact winnable

Addiction As A Dependence On Substance Or Behavior Essay

What exactly is an addiction? It is common to hear an individual say they are addicted to something without fully knowing or understanding the definition of addiction. Addiction can be described as a dependence on a substance or behavior which affects the physical, psychological and emotional wellbeing in an individual (What is addiction?, n/a). The trouble with everyday addictions such as: cell phones, drugs, and gambling, affect people’s everyday life and lives of their loved ones dramatically. Almost everyone has come encounter with a cell phone whether it is a smart phone or just a basic cell phone. It was found that the use of smartphones is about nine hours out the day for college students. Individuals who cannot go without their cell phones or also known as being addicted to cell phones have the same symptoms a drug addict might have. According to James Robert, â€Å"Certain people use smartphones to lift their moods. And it may take more and more time on those phones to provide the same level of enjoyment.† Robert even says, â€Å"They feel as if when their battery dies or losing their phone can cause an anxiety or panic attack.† There was a study that asked college students how many hours they spent on their cellphones during a day. â€Å"I spend more time than I should on my cell phone,† said one such statement. â€Å"I get agitated when my cell phone is not in sight,† said another. The trouble with being addicted to a cellphone is it interferes with normal activities and canShow MoreRelatedAddiction: a Three Part Disease1072 Words   |  5 PagesWright, M.A. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. FirstRead MoreDrug Profile Paper1105 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will illustrate several aspects of how drugs affect our lives. Addiction philosophies including the psychology and physiology will be explained in an attempt to describe how drugs affect our bodies both physically and mentally. Secondly, different drug categories types will be covered including: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Each of these categories has different addiction potentials and effect levels including withdrawal symptoms. Finally, the abuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Internet On The Internet1520 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. With the Internet becoming such a used tool, many people have grown dependent on the Internet for their daily lives. 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Reviewing the literature explains the definition of addiction, whether it is a choice or compulsion, and specific medications used to treat dependence. Overall, using substances is a choice but addictive qualities are compulsions. Research has proven that medications are widely effective in treating substance abuse. Purpose The literature’s purpose is to inform its reader of addiction, the risks and consequencesRead MoreBehavioral Addictions And Substance Abuse Addictions994 Words   |  4 PagesStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) added gambling disorder to the category titled Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2013) In the previous edition of the DSM, gambling, along with other behavioral addictions were in the Impulse Control Disorders category of the DSM-III and DSM-IV (Clark, 2014). Behavioral Addictions are said to be around for hundreds of years. For example, gambling was part of daily life in ancientRead MoreUnderstanding Drug Use And Addiction. The National Institute1116 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Drug Use and Addiction The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) describes addiction as a, â€Å"chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences† (â€Å"Understanding Drug Use and Addiction,† 2016). Long-term use can effect and change a person’s ability to learn, judge, and make decisions. Stress, memory issues, and behavior problems are also common side effects of extended drug use. There is not one single factor

Wacc for Fedex Corp. free essay sample

First of all, I would like to thank Ms. Thuy for her enthusiastic guidance and response all of questions to help me complete this exercise easily. Simultaneously, thanks to her professional lectures on class which also build me with deep understanding of how to access and deal with problems in financial management so that I can complete this report. All of the data is collected through 2 website: http://finance. yahoo. com/ and http://www. finra. org/ I. ABOUT FEDEX CORPORATION: FedEx Corporation is a holding company. The Company provides a portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services under the FedEx brand, originally known as  FDX Corporation, is an American global  courier  delivery services company headquartered in  Memphis, Tennessee. FedEx Corporation is a Delaware corporation, incorporated October 2, 1997. FDX Corporation was founded in January 1998 with the acquisition of Caliber System Inc. by Federal Express,  the worlds  largest airline  in terms of freight tons flown and the worlds fourth largest in terms of fleet size, delivering packages and freight to more than 375 destinations in nearly every country each day. We will write a custom essay sample on Wacc for Fedex Corp. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the purchase of Caliber, FedEx started offering other services besides express shipping. The  Standard Carrier Alpha Code (SCAC)  is a unique code used to identify transportation companies. It is typically two to four alphabetic letters long. It was developed by the  National Motor Freight Traffic Association  in the 1960s to help the transportation industry for computerizing data and records. FedExs codes include: * FDE – FedEx Express * FDEG – FedEx Ground * FXFE – FedEx Freight * FDCC – FedEx Custom Critical II. STATISTICS AND CALCULATION: 1. Summary  statistics: Accroding to the collected data: There is one non- callable bond issues of FedEx Corporation (FDX) in the ten-year maturity which is FDX. GD, use its yield of maturity as the pre-tax cost of debt. * Market value of equity: 34. 3 billions in USD * Value cash: 34. 02 billions in USD * The beta is 1. 32 and risk-free rate is 2% * A market risk premium of 5% and tax rate of 35% 2. Estimated equation a. The market value of debt: Using the collected data in the appendix 3, the market value of debt can be easily calculated: The market value of FDX’s debt = $250,000,000*105. 08%+$750,000,000*130. 704%+$239,000,000*131%=$1,557,390,000 * Total value of the firm = Total of market value of debt and equity =$34,300,000,000+$1,557,390,000=$35,857,390,000 b. The weights for FedEx’s equity and debt: Weight for equity =34,300,000,00035,857,390,000=95. 6567% Weight for debt=1,557,390,00035,857,390,000=4. 3433% 3. Apply the CAPM to Calculate GM’s WACC Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rat e + Equity Beta * Market Risk Premium =2%+1. 32*5%= 0. 086 Effective Cost of debt = Rd1-Tc=5. 89%1-0. 35=0. 0376 WACC is the average of the costs of these sources of financing, each of which is weighted by its respective use in the given situation. By taking a weighted average, we can see how much interest the company has to pay for every dollar it finances. A firms WACC is the overall required return on the firm as a whole and, as such, it is often used internally by company directors to determine the economic feasibility of expansionary opportunities and mergers

M&Ms Essays - Candy, MMs, American Brands, Mars, Incorporated

M&M's Whenever I get a package of plain M&Ms, I make it my duty to continue the strength and robustness of the candy as a species. To this end, I hold M&M duels. Taking two candies between my thumb and forefinger, I apply pressure, squeezing them together until one of them cracks and splinters. That is the loser, and I eat the inferior one immediately. The winner gets to go another round. I have found that, in general, the brown and red M&Ms are tougher, and the newer blue ones are genetically inferior. I have hypothesized that the blue M&Ms as a race cannot survive long in the intense theatre of competition that is the modern candy and snack-food world. Occasionally I will get a mutation, a candy that is misshapen, or pointier, or flatter than the rest. Almost invariably this proves to be a weakness, but on very rare occasions it gives the candy extra strength. In this way, the species continues to adapt to its environment. When I reach the end of the pack, I am left with one M&M, the strongest of the herd. Since it would make no sense to eat this one as well, I pack it neatly in an envelope and send it to M&M Mars, A Division of Mars, Inc., Hackettstown, NJ 17840-1503 U.S.A., along with a 3x5 card reading, Please use this M&M for breeding purposes. This week they wrote back to thank me, and sent me a coupon for a free 1/2 pound bag of plain M&Ms. I consider this grant money. I have set aside the weekend for a grand tournament. From a field of hundreds, we will discover the True Champion. There can be only one. Sports and Games

Video voyeurism

Video voyeurism Imagine every move that is made being watched. There is a strong possibility that people are not alone within their living quarters. What is perceived to be private may not be so concealed. Many times women and children are unaware they are being watched and recorded while changing their clothes, showering, attending to bodily functions, or in moments of sexual intimacy. Hidden cameras silently steal privacy. No matter where a person goes, it is possible he or she is being spied on. Anyone could be a victim of video voyeurism. In a world of rapidly growing technology, it has become increasingly easier for "peeping toms" to visually stalk their victims through video voyeurism.In 1999, in the state of Louisiana, Susan Wilson became a victim of video voyeurism. Susan began to see her next-door neighbor so often that she considered the possibility that he was spying on her.Video VoyeurAfter feeling uneasy about her neighbor, she decided to break into his home and investigate. The woman f ound piles of video tapes of herself. The videotapes included footage of her and her husband having sex, her in the shower, and many other intimate moments. She was in horror to see her bedroom on his computer screen. Susan Wilson ransacked through her home to discover several cameras positioned throughout her house. When she presented the authorities with the information, she learned that a law against video voyeurism did not exist. In fact, video voyeurism was not even considered a crime. Her stalker was faced with only minor consequences dealing with unauthorized entry into her home. Therefore, Wilson became a video voyeurism activist and went on a crusade to expose this scandalous activity.Susan Wilson's strong opinions toward this invasion of privacy caused her to address lawmakers. She convinced Louisiana to pass...

The Knowledge Management Challenge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Knowledge Management Challenge - Assignment Example These three types of knowledge are what form the intellectual capital that is needed by PolySpec as it evolves. (1) Internal process knowledge related to PolySpec work processes This includes the trade secrets of the company such as patents and technical papers, the composition of the products especially the ratio of combinations, acquisitions, and their competitive advantages, blueprints and formulas. This is in addition to the internal operations and communications of the company that is not open to the public such as confidential conversations and documents. For example, Buddy holds four patents, has published several technical papers and he has hands-on management style (Fielder, et al n.d, P.2). PolySpec has made several acquisitions including Selby Battersby, Thiokol Formulated Products, and Flowcrete Plc (UK) with each merger bringing in new competitive advantage and products (Fielder, et al n.d, P.2). ... (2) External process knowledge related to client tasks and projects This includes the knowledge of upcoming disputes regarding clients’ quality of workmanship, technical assistance to contractors, claims of mislabeled products, and product failures related to job conditions. For example, PolySpec technical personnel provide most of the technical support through informal ways such as telephone conversations (Fielder, et al n.d, P.1). Also, the following litigations are as a result of product or project failure associated with PolySpec and its subcontractors: Instafreeze, Inc. vs. Environchem Technology and PolySpec Corp; W.J. Enterprises, Inc. vs. PolySpec Corp; Ladell Alexander, et al vs. American Cyanamid, et al; and B-Z-B, Inc, vs. Slip Free Systems, Inc, and PolySpec, L.P. (Fielder, et al n.d, P.7). The external knowledge process belongs to the knowledge acquisition stage of the knowledge management process. (3) Product knowledge This includes the knowledge of company produ ct categories, products professional opinions, product catalogs, product labels and product knowledge available on the company website.

Strategic Management Accounting System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management Accounting System - Essay Example It further explains the control procedures expected at the three levels of management control (strategic, tactical and operational) and provides a discussion of how control is exercised and information required at each management level, relates to Highline Co. Ltd. The traditional management accounting systems are of minimal use in the preparation of the strategic plans, monitoring of achievement process of predetermined objectives of the organization and performance evaluation of the employees. The failure of traditional accounting systems have triggered the process of research in order to find out the suitable methods which can eke the changing business techniques in order to achieve the organisational objectives in today's global business environment (Ittner & Larker, 1998). According to the evaluation of the manufacturing data in different companies it has been found that the manufacturing has been transformed. Labour cost is no more considered as the significant cost of manufacturing, it has been replaced by the overhead cost which has become a significant cost of manufacturing process. This change has reduced the usefulness of the traditional accounting techniques. By undertaking the examination of the material cost and labour cost data the validity and generality of these claims can be tested. Moreover, the extent to which manufacturing has changed over time and the nature of these changes can also be examined. This can help the management of the company in designing an effective and up to date management accounting system according to the current needs of the company. The changing products and management styles have reduced the usefulness of cost accounting and management control systems in the modern age of information technology which were previo usly used in many organizations. Decline in Direct Labour: The automation of the machinery assembling plant in the company has reduced the number of labour used in the production process. Labour cost constitutes a small portion of the manufacturing costs and the overhead costs have become the major constituent of the manufacturing cost. The changing trend has also raised the level of manufacturing overhead which represents 33% of the total manufacturing cost in the company. Due to the changing pattern of manufacturing process the traditional cost systems also tend to fail in the true valuation of cost. It has been noted that the management has taken inaccurate decisions and adopted strategies which have restrain the manufacturing process. In order to confirm the above assertions the management can gather data to analyze two important issues: 1. The production labour has declined as a percentage of total manufacturing costs. 2. The ratio of the total wage expenditures to production wages has been increased for all, most, or some manufacturing companies over time. (Boer and